Diese Literaturliste wurde im Oktober 2004 erstellt und gibt einen kurzen Einstieg in die Literatur zum Thema "Entfeuchtung durch Adsorbenzien".
Andersson, J., M. Azoulay, et al. (1985). "Experimental and theoretical investigation of the kinetics of the sorption of water vapour by silica gel." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 81(11): 2681-2682.Coleparmer (n/v). Dried Compressed Air. ColeParmer Technical Information: 1/0.
San, J.-Y. and G.-D. Jiang (1994). "Modeling and testing of a silica gel packed-bed system." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 37(8): 1173-1179.
- A two-column packed-bed desiccant dehumidification system is tested and analytically modeled. The results are consistent. The desiccant is a spherical silica gel particle with an average diameter of 5 mm. The length of the columns are individually 9, 15 and 24 cm. Three regeneration temperatures are used, namely, 65, 75 and 85 °C. An optimum operating time period is obtained. The heat and mass transfer is analyzed by using a solid-side resistance method with consideration of a fluid friction effect. The magnitude of the fluid friction effect is governed by the Reynolds number and a nondimensional length factor. For a long column or a high inlet air velocity the fluid friction effect becomes significant.
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. (1992). Desiccant cooling and dehumidification. Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
Haves, P. (1982). Solar regenerated desiccant dehumidification: final report. [Austin, Tex.], TENRAC.
Tsutaya, H., A. Yasutaka, et al. (2000). Water vapor removal using VPSA conditions. Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology, Brisbane, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore.
- For the minimization of energy consumption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with atm. pressure adsorption and vacuum pressure desorption (VPSA) was studied. Na-X, Na-Y, USY, silicalite, silica-gel, and alumina were evaluated as water vapor adsorbents, and Na-X was chosen as the adsorbent for the VPSA-dryer by a flow method. Following the selection of water vapor adsorbent, water vapor removal from wet air (relative humidity of 60% at 298 K) using a VPSA-bench scale app. (Na-X honey-comb, 2 L/tower, two towers) was investigated. Exptl. results were obtained with dry air generation of 1,000 ppm water vapor, loading capacity of 590-2, 100 m3N/h/ton, elec. power consumption of 30 wh/m3N, and min. water vapor concn. of 100 ppm.
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. (1992). Desiccant cooling and dehumidification. Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
Haves, P. (1982). Solar regenerated desiccant dehumidification: final report. [Austin, Tex.], TENRAC.
Balkösea, D., S. Ulutana, et al. (1998). "Dynamics of water vapor adsorption on humidity-indicating silica gel." Applied Surface Science 134(1-4): 39-46.
- Well-defined CoCl2-containing silica gels were prepared by impregnation of the aqueous solution of the salt to silica hydrogel, drying and aging methods. Silica gels having 392–437 m²/g surface area and 0.21–0.37 cm³/g pore volume and having an average particle size of 3 mm were obtained. Aging in CoCl2 solutions decreased the surface area of silica gels from 540 cm²/g to 392–430 m²/g and pore volume from 0.27 to 0.21–0.23
Boddenberg, B., G. U. Rakhmatkariev, et al. (2002). "A calorimetric and statistical mechanics study of water adsorption in zeolite NaY." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4(17): 4172-4180.
- Adsorption isotherms and differential heats of adsorption of water in the zeolites NaY and NaY(Br) were measured at 303 K. The latter zeolite was obtained from NaY by introducing NaBr into the Y-cages thus rendering them impenetrable to water molecules.The results obtained lead to the conclusion that initially water is accomodated in the small Y-cages up to 4 H2O/cage before adsorption in the large supercages sets in and proceeds to a maximum of 26 H2O/supercage. The experimentally obtained adsorption and heat data for water in both types of cages can be quantitatively reproduced on the basis of the statistical-mechanical concept of independent subsystems which are identified with the Y-cages and, on the other hand, with the supercage-Na+ ions. For each of the one-to-four H2O/Y-cage units and each of the monomeric to hexameric H2O/Na+ ion clusters residing in the supercages, the partition functions and energetic quantities such as the energies of formation and of successive addition as well as entropies are evaluated. Potential energies of the oligomeric clusters are estimated. The data for the zeolite water/cation clusters are compared with experimental and theoretical (ab initio) results of free (gaseous phase) water/cation clusters available in the literature.
Bruijn, J. d., M. A. Huffmaster, et al. (2002). Maximizing molecular sieve performance in natural gas processing. 81st annual GPA convention, Dallas, Texas, Shell Global Solutions US Inc.
Burdett, N. A. (1985). "Thermogravimetric determinations of the water sorption characteristics of molecular sieve in high-pressure CO2 and N2." Thermochimica Acta 87: 1-12.
- The rates and extents of H2O adsorption by molecular sieves have been determined in order to assess the possibility of using these materials as desiccants in the driers on advanced gas cooled nuclear reactors. Microbalance experiments have been conducted on AW500 and 3A sieves at a sorption temperature of 35 °C, using N2 and CO2 as carrier gases and at total pressures between 2 and 43 atm. Interpretation of the microbalance data is complicated by co-adsorption of carrier gas and water. The large differences in adsorption and desorption rates between the carrier gas and water (due to very large concentration driving forces for the mass transfer processes) allow quantification of the adsorption of both components using weight data only.
Diaz-Arnold, A. M., M. A. Arnold, et al. (1992). "Measurement of water sorption by resin composite adhesives with near-infrared spectroscopy." J Dent Res 71(3): 438-42.
- Spectroscopic methodology was used to follow the water uptake of disks of two resin composite luting agents during long-term storage. Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used for collection of spectra over the 4200-6500 cm-1 spectral region. The 5200-cm-1 absorption band of water was monitored initially, at 24 h, seven days, two weeks, and then monthly over a period of 12 months. The disks were stored in water, air, and desiccated conditions. Disks were also subjected to two alternate cycles (two weeks each) of hydration and desiccation. A spectral manipulation program was used for quantitation of the area under the water absorbance band. Area ratios demonstrated similar water-uptake patterns for the two adhesives. Rapid water uptake was seen within the first two weeks of storage. Alternate hydration and desiccation of the samples showed that water uptake by the filler/polymer network was partially reversible. The desiccant was unable to remove all the water from the samples, which indicated that some water was tightly held within the sample matrix. FT-NIR spectroscopy is recommended as an effective method for study of the equilibration of resin composites in water.
Gorbach, A., M. Stegmaier, et al. (2004). "Measurement and Modeling of Water Vapor Adsorption on Zeolite 4A-Equilibria and Kinetics." Adsorption 10(1): 29-46.
- The adsorption of water vapor on Zeolite 4A has been analyzed. Both equilibrium and kinetics are examined. The equilibrium is measured with a static-volumetric method in a wide range of partial pressure and temperature and is modeled by several conventional approaches and a new type isotherm model, which fitted the obtained data best. Kinetics are determined by measuring breakthrough curves. The breakthrough curves are matched by a detailed model based on a modified linear driving force (LDF) approximation for the mass exchange. An analytic expression for the corresponding LDF-coefficient is designed in order to describe its dependency on water concentration, temperature and pressure. For the practical range of operating conditions the dependency on concentration can be described by the nonlinearity of the adsorption isotherm. The dependency on temperature and pressure corresponds to that of molecular diffusion. The presented data and models for equilibria and kinetics provide a basis for modeling and optimizing air-drying processes containing Zeolite 4A.
Hauer, A. (2002). "Beurteilung fester Adsorbentien in offenen Sorptionssystemen für energetische Anwendungen. Fakultät III Prozesswissenschaften. Berlin, TU Berlin. Dr. rer. nat.: 140.
- In dieser Arbeit werden physikalisch begründete Methoden zur Beurteilung fester Adsobentien auf der Basis der Adsorptionsgleichgewichte vorgestellt. Als Adsorbentien wurden in den Experimenten industriell hergestellte Silicagele und Zeolithe untersucht. Es wurde ausschließlich Wasserdampfadsorption an ihnen betrachtet. Dazu wurden die Adsorptionsgleichgewichte vermessen, die Anwendungen an Beispielen z.T. experimentell untersucht und die Anforderungen an das Adsorbens formuliert. Abschließend wurde die Stabilität ausgewählter Adsorbentien unter Anwendungsbedingungen geprüft. Die Adsorptionsgleichgewichte wurden für zwei Silicagele und drei Zeolithe experimentell ermittelt.
Ein Zeolithtyp wird sowohl in einem offenen Trägergassystem, als auch in einem geschlossenen luftfreien System untersucht. Erstmals wurden so gemessene Adsorptionsgleichgewichte verglichen. Die Ergebnisse aus beiden Versuchen stimmen nahezu überein, was den Schluß zulässt, dass der Einfluss der Trägergases Luft auf die Gleichgewichte vernachlässigbar ist. Damit lassen sich in geschlossenen Systemen gewonnene Daten auf offene Systeme übertragen. Die Ergebnisse wurden in der Form der charakteristischen Kurve nach Dubinin [23] dargestellt. Aus der charakteristischen Kurve wurden die Isosterendiagramme und differentiellen Adsorptionsenthalpien der verschiedenen Adsorbentien berechnet.
Hill, J.-R., A. R. Minihan, et al. (2000). "Framework dynamics including computer simulations of the water adsorption isotherm of zeolite Na-MAP." Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000(2): 4255-4264.
- Computer simulations of the water adsorption isotherm of zeolite Na-MAP have been performed. Both grand canonical molecular dynamics and a combination of Monte Carlo calculations and lattice relaxations (pseudodynamic simulations) have been used to account for the lattice dynamics of the zeolite framework during water adsorption. A number of different force Fields have been evaluated to find the force field best suited for this kind of study. It is shown that the augmented CVFF is the only force field which is currently able to predict water adsorption in zeolites in a reasonable and affordable manner. The water adsorption isotherm of Na-MAP can be correctly predicted qualitatively. To reach quantitative agreement with experiment the way the excess chemical potential is determined has to be improved. An explanation of the reasons for the shape of the isotherm based on energetics is provided.
Schachtl, M. and A. Mersmann (1988). Adsorption and desorption in the adiabatic and isothermal fixed bed. (Adsorption und Desorption im adiabaten und isothermen Festbett. Reaktionstechnik und Stoffaustauschtechnik in dispersen Zweiphasensystemen. DECHEMA. 114: 175-191, 10f, 11l.)
- For the development of simpler models for the safe design of gas adsorbers simulations are compared with experimental results for zeolite molecular sieves with ethane, ethene, ethanol, carbon dioxide, water, and well dried air as adsorbates and argon, nitrogen, and air as regeneration gases. Diagrams show the sorption, temperature and break-through behaviour for one and two component systems. Ideal and nonideal equilibria are distinguished in the adiabatic case.
Tsutaya, H., A. Yasutaka, et al. (2000). Water vapor removal using VPSA conditions. Pacific Basin Conference on Adsorption Science and Technology, Brisbane, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore.
- For the minimization of energy consumption, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with atm. pressure adsorption and vacuum pressure desorption (VPSA) was studied. Na-X, Na-Y, USY, silicalite, silica-gel, and alumina were evaluated as water vapor adsorbents, and Na-X was chosen as the adsorbent for the VPSA-dryer by a flow method. Following the selection of water vapor adsorbent, water vapor removal from wet air (relative humidity of 60% at 298 K) using a VPSA-bench scale app. (Na-X honey-comb, 2 L/tower, two towers) was investigated. Exptl. results were obtained with dry air generation of 1,000 ppm water vapor, loading capacity of 590-2, 100 m³N/h/ton, elec. power consumption of 30 wh/m³N, and min. water vapor concn. of 100 ppm.
Mahle, J. J. and D. K. Friday "Design rules for regenerative filtration systems." U. S. A. SBCCOM.
Balkoese, D., F. Oezkan, et al. (2003). " WATER VAPOUR ADSORPTION ON ORGANIC AND INORGANIC POLYMERS." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
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